BPC-157’s amazing power has been a topic of intense discussion within research circles for years, primarily celebrated for its profound gut-healing capabilities. Derived from a protein found in human gastric juice, this stable pentadecapeptide—a chain of 15 amino acids—initially gained prominence for its ability to protect and repair the gastrointestinal tract. However, as scientific inquiry delves deeper, a compelling question arises: Is this peptide’s therapeutic potential confined to the gut, or does its influence extend throughout the entire body?
The growing body of preclinical research suggests a resounding “yes.” While its origins are in the stomach, the effects of BPC-157 appear to be remarkably systemic, reaching far beyond the digestive system to influence tissues like tendons, muscles, ligaments, and even the nervous system. This article will explore the multifaceted nature of BPC-157, examining how a compound known for soothing the gut might be one of the most versatile and powerful agents for systemic recovery and repair being studied today.
The Core of BPC-157: A Master of Gut-Healing
Before we venture into its systemic effects, it’s crucial to understand why BPC-157 first earned its reputation. The gut is a complex and delicate ecosystem, and when its lining is compromised, it can lead to a host of issues, from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to leaky gut syndrome. Research has consistently shown that BPC-157 exerts a potent protective and regenerative effect on the gastrointestinal tract.
In animal models of IBD, NSAID-induced ulcers, and other gut pathologies, BPC-157 has demonstrated an ability to accelerate the wound-healing process of the mucosal lining, reduce inflammation, and restore gut integrity. It appears to achieve this by modulating inflammatory pathways and promoting the growth of new tissue. This foundational gut-healing ability is what first put BPC-157 on the map, making it a primary subject of interest for gastroenterological research.
Its mechanism within the gut is thought to involve the upregulation of growth factors and the protection of endothelial tissue—the thin layer of cells lining blood vessels. By maintaining the integrity of these vessels, BPC-157 ensures that damaged areas of the gut receive the blood supply necessary for repair. This very mechanism provides the first clue to its widespread effects elsewhere in the body.
Beyond the Gut: BPC-157’s Amazing Power Over Tendons and Ligaments
Perhaps the most exciting area of BPC-157 research outside of the gut is its effect on musculoskeletal injuries. Tendons and ligaments are notoriously slow to heal due to their poor blood supply. An injury to the Achilles tendon, rotator cuff, or an ACL can be a long, frustrating ordeal. This is where BPC-157’s systemic potential truly shines.
Multiple animal studies have investigated BPC-157’s impact on damaged connective tissues. In a well-known study on rats with transected Achilles tendons, those treated with BPC-157 showed significantly faster and more functional recovery compared to the control group. The peptide appeared to accelerate the outgrowth of tendon fibroblasts—cells responsible for producing collagen and other fibers that make up the tendon’s structure. This leads to a more organized and structurally sound repair, rather than just disorganized scar tissue.
How does it do this? The mechanism is multifaceted. BPC-157 has been observed to: Increase Fibroblast Activity: It encourages the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts to the injury site. Promote Collagen Deposition: It stimulates the production of Type 1 collagen, the primary structural protein in tendons and ligaments. Enhance Angiogenesis: It promotes the formation of new blood vessels, delivering vital oxygen and nutrients to the healing tissue.
This remarkable ability to repair stubborn connective tissue injuries has made BPC-157 a subject of intense interest. The peptide seems to create an ideal environment for regeneration. For researchers looking into synergistic effects, studying BPC-157 in combination with other recovery peptides can be particularly insightful. For instance, the BPC-157/TB-500 blend pairs BPC-157’s targeted repair capabilities with TB-500’s broad systemic healing and anti-inflammatory properties, providing a comprehensive subject for advanced recovery research.
The Secret to Systemic Healing: Angiogenesis
The key that unlocks BPC-157’s systemic healing power is angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels. This process is absolutely critical for life, from embryonic development to wound healing. When a tissue is damaged, it needs a robust supply of blood to deliver oxygen, nutrients, and immune cells to fight infection and clear debris, while also carrying away waste products.
Many chronic injuries, especially in tendons and ligaments, fail to heal properly precisely because of poor vascularization. The tissue simply doesn’t get the resources it needs to rebuild. BPC-157 directly counters this by significantly upregulating Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), a key signaling protein that initiates angiogenesis.
A study published in the Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology found that BPC-157 “stimulates egr-1 gene and its co-repressor nab2, which are responsible for cytokine and growth factor generation and early extracellular matrix (collagen) formation.” [1] This stimulation directly contributes to the creation of a new vascular network around the injury site. By re-establishing blood flow, BPC-157 ensures that the body’s natural healing machinery can get to where it’s needed most. This angiogenesis effect is not limited to tendons; it is a fundamental part of its wound-healing prowess across all tissue types, from skin and muscle to bone and even nerves.
A Potent Anti-Inflammatory Agent
Inflammation is a natural and necessary part of the healing process. However, when inflammation becomes chronic or excessive, it can hinder recovery and cause further damage. BPC-157 exhibits a powerful modulatory effect on inflammation, acting as a potent anti-inflammatory agent without suppressing the immune response entirely.
Unlike conventional anti-inflammatory drugs (like NSAIDs), which can sometimes delay healing by overly blunting the initial inflammatory phase, BPC-157 appears to be more intelligent. It helps control the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines while simultaneously promoting the pathways that lead to tissue resolution and repair.
This dual action is critical. It helps to quickly reduce the swelling and pain associated with an acute injury, but it does so while actively accelerating the underlying repair process. This balanced anti-inflammatory profile is beneficial not only for musculoskeletal injuries but also for its primary application in the gut, where chronic inflammation is the hallmark of conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
Exploring New Frontiers: Neuroprotection and Organ Health
The research into BPC-157’s amazing power continues to expand into even more surprising territories, including the central and peripheral nervous systems. Emerging preclinical studies suggest that BPC-157 may have significant neuroprotective properties. In animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury, and chemically-induced nerve damage, BPC-157 has shown promise in reducing neuronal damage and promoting functional recovery.
Its neuroprotective effects are likely linked to its ability to modulate key neurotransmitter systems, such as the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, while also reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain. Some studies have even explored its potential to counteract the damage from neurotoxins and aid in the repair of peripheral nerves after transection.
Beyond the nervous system, BPC-157 has also been studied for its cytoprotective (cell-protective) effects on various organs. Research has shown it can protect the liver from alcohol- and toxin-induced damage, shield the pancreas from inflammation, and even improve heart function after a chemically induced heart attack in animal models. This broad organ-protective capacity further underscores that BPC-157 is not merely a gut peptide but a systemic regulating agent that promotes homeostasis and healing throughout the body.
What Researchers Need to Know About BPC-157
For researchers exploring the therapeutic potential of BPC-157, it’s important to understand the different forms available for study and their implications. The most common forms are injectable (for subcutaneous or intramuscular administration) and oral capsules.
Injectable BPC-157: This form is generally considered to have better systemic bioavailability. When administered via injection, the peptide enters the bloodstream directly and can be transported throughout the body to target various tissues, making it the preferred choice for research on tendons, muscles, and other non-GI issues. Oral BPC-157: The oral form is designed to be more stable in the acidic environment of the stomach. While some systemic absorption may occur, oral capsules are primarily studied for their localized effects within the gastrointestinal tract. They are an excellent option for research focused specifically on gut-healing, IBD, and leaky gut. For scientists focusing on these applications, high-purity BPC-157 capsules are essential for obtaining consistent and reliable data.
Regardless of the form, the purity and quality of the peptide are paramount. Research chemicals must be handled with care, and lyophilized (freeze-dried) peptides like BPC-157 must be reconstituted correctly using a sterile solvent. Using high-quality Bacteriostatic Water is the standard protocol for ensuring the stability and sterility of the reconstituted solution for the duration of the research project.
—
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. What exactly is BPC-157?
BPC-157 stands for Body Protection Compound 157. It is a synthetic peptide chain composed of 15 amino acids, and it is a partial sequence of a protein naturally found in human gastric juice. It is studied for its regenerative and cytoprotective properties.
2. Is BPC-157 only effective for gut health?
No. While it gained its reputation for powerful gut-healing effects, extensive preclinical research shows it has systemic healing capabilities. It is widely studied for its ability to accelerate the healing of tendons, ligaments, muscles, skin, bone, and even nervous tissue.
3. How does BPC-157 promote healing in tendons?
BPC-157 appears to heal tendons by stimulating the growth and migration of tendon fibroblasts (the cells that build tendons), increasing the production of collagen, and promoting angiogenesis—the formation of new blood vessels to supply the injured area with nutrients and oxygen.
4. What is the significance of angiogenesis in BPC-157’s effects? Angiogenesis is critical because many tissues, especially tendons, heal slowly due to poor blood flow. By promoting the creation of new blood vessels, BPC-157 ensures that damaged tissues receive the resources needed for robust and rapid repair, making it a key mechanism behind its systemic wound-healing abilities.
5. What is the difference between injectable and oral BPC-157 in research?
In a research context, injectable BPC-157 is generally used to achieve systemic effects, as it is absorbed directly into the bloodstream. Oral BPC-157 is designed to survive stomach acid and is typically studied for its localized effects on the gastrointestinal tract, such as ulcer healing or managing IBD.
6. Are other peptides often studied alongside BPC-157 for recovery?
Yes. BPC-157 is frequently researched alongside TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4). While BPC-157 is known for more localized and direct repair, TB-500 is studied for its broad systemic effects on reducing inflammation, promoting cell migration, and supporting overall healing. They are often studied in combination for a potentially synergistic effect on recovery.
7. Is BPC-157 a steroid or a hormone?
No, BPC-157 is neither a steroid nor a hormone. It is a peptide, which is a short chain of amino acids. It does not interact with androgen receptors and functions through different biological pathways related to growth factors and cellular repair.
8. What does “pentadecapeptide” mean?
The term simply describes the peptide’s length. “Penta-” means five and “deca-” means ten, so a pentadecapeptide is a peptide made up of a chain of 15 (5 + 10) amino acids.
—
Conclusion: A Systemic Healer in Disguise
The scientific journey of BPC-157 is a classic example of not judging a book by its cover. What began as a humble “stomach peptide” has revealed itself to be a master regulator of healing and protection that acts on a systemic level. Its ability to accelerate the repair of notoriously slow-healing tissues like tendons and ligaments, its profound anti-inflammatory effects, and its capacity to stimulate critical angiogenesis all point to one conclusion: BPC-157’s amazing power is healing far more than just the gut.
From calming an inflamed digestive tract to rebuilding a torn tendon and protecting the nervous system, BPC-157 stands out as one of the most versatile and promising peptides in the research landscape. As studies continue to uncover its diverse mechanisms of action, it solidifies its place as a compound with the potential to redefine our understanding of the body’s innate ability to heal.
For researchers dedicated to exploring the full spectrum of recovery, cellular protection, and regeneration, Oath Peptides provides the highest-purity BPC-157 for your laboratory needs. We are committed to supplying premium-grade research compounds to help you push the boundaries of science.
Explore our laboratory-grade BPC-157 products and advance your research today.
Disclaimer: All products mentioned in this article, including BPC-157, are sold by Oath Peptides strictly for research purposes only. They are not intended for human or animal use. The information presented here is for educational purposes and should not be interpreted as medical advice.
References
1. T. Tkalcevic, J. Gojkovic, M. T. Drmic, et al. (2021). “Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and EGR-1 Expression: Relation with Angiogenesis.” J Physiol Pharmacol, 72(5). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35084533/
2. Cerovecki, T., Bojanic, I., Brcic, L., Radic, B., Vukoja, I., Seiwerth, S., & Sikiric, P. (2010). “Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 enhances spread-out of spleen cells on culture dishes.” Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 61(3), 331–337.
3. Gwyer, D., Wragg, N. M., & Wilson, S. L. (2019). “Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and its healing effects on tendon, ligament, muscle and bone.” Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research*, 14(1), 224. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-019-1242-6
BPC-157’s Amazing Power: Is It Healing More Than Gut?
BPC-157’s amazing power has been a topic of intense discussion within research circles for years, primarily celebrated for its profound gut-healing capabilities. Derived from a protein found in human gastric juice, this stable pentadecapeptide—a chain of 15 amino acids—initially gained prominence for its ability to protect and repair the gastrointestinal tract. However, as scientific inquiry delves deeper, a compelling question arises: Is this peptide’s therapeutic potential confined to the gut, or does its influence extend throughout the entire body?
The growing body of preclinical research suggests a resounding “yes.” While its origins are in the stomach, the effects of BPC-157 appear to be remarkably systemic, reaching far beyond the digestive system to influence tissues like tendons, muscles, ligaments, and even the nervous system. This article will explore the multifaceted nature of BPC-157, examining how a compound known for soothing the gut might be one of the most versatile and powerful agents for systemic recovery and repair being studied today.
The Core of BPC-157: A Master of Gut-Healing
Before we venture into its systemic effects, it’s crucial to understand why BPC-157 first earned its reputation. The gut is a complex and delicate ecosystem, and when its lining is compromised, it can lead to a host of issues, from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to leaky gut syndrome. Research has consistently shown that BPC-157 exerts a potent protective and regenerative effect on the gastrointestinal tract.
In animal models of IBD, NSAID-induced ulcers, and other gut pathologies, BPC-157 has demonstrated an ability to accelerate the wound-healing process of the mucosal lining, reduce inflammation, and restore gut integrity. It appears to achieve this by modulating inflammatory pathways and promoting the growth of new tissue. This foundational gut-healing ability is what first put BPC-157 on the map, making it a primary subject of interest for gastroenterological research.
Its mechanism within the gut is thought to involve the upregulation of growth factors and the protection of endothelial tissue—the thin layer of cells lining blood vessels. By maintaining the integrity of these vessels, BPC-157 ensures that damaged areas of the gut receive the blood supply necessary for repair. This very mechanism provides the first clue to its widespread effects elsewhere in the body.
Beyond the Gut: BPC-157’s Amazing Power Over Tendons and Ligaments
Perhaps the most exciting area of BPC-157 research outside of the gut is its effect on musculoskeletal injuries. Tendons and ligaments are notoriously slow to heal due to their poor blood supply. An injury to the Achilles tendon, rotator cuff, or an ACL can be a long, frustrating ordeal. This is where BPC-157’s systemic potential truly shines.
Multiple animal studies have investigated BPC-157’s impact on damaged connective tissues. In a well-known study on rats with transected Achilles tendons, those treated with BPC-157 showed significantly faster and more functional recovery compared to the control group. The peptide appeared to accelerate the outgrowth of tendon fibroblasts—cells responsible for producing collagen and other fibers that make up the tendon’s structure. This leads to a more organized and structurally sound repair, rather than just disorganized scar tissue.
How does it do this? The mechanism is multifaceted. BPC-157 has been observed to:
Increase Fibroblast Activity: It encourages the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts to the injury site.
Promote Collagen Deposition: It stimulates the production of Type 1 collagen, the primary structural protein in tendons and ligaments.
Enhance Angiogenesis: It promotes the formation of new blood vessels, delivering vital oxygen and nutrients to the healing tissue.
This remarkable ability to repair stubborn connective tissue injuries has made BPC-157 a subject of intense interest. The peptide seems to create an ideal environment for regeneration. For researchers looking into synergistic effects, studying BPC-157 in combination with other recovery peptides can be particularly insightful. For instance, the BPC-157/TB-500 blend pairs BPC-157’s targeted repair capabilities with TB-500’s broad systemic healing and anti-inflammatory properties, providing a comprehensive subject for advanced recovery research.
The Secret to Systemic Healing: Angiogenesis
The key that unlocks BPC-157’s systemic healing power is angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels. This process is absolutely critical for life, from embryonic development to wound healing. When a tissue is damaged, it needs a robust supply of blood to deliver oxygen, nutrients, and immune cells to fight infection and clear debris, while also carrying away waste products.
Many chronic injuries, especially in tendons and ligaments, fail to heal properly precisely because of poor vascularization. The tissue simply doesn’t get the resources it needs to rebuild. BPC-157 directly counters this by significantly upregulating Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), a key signaling protein that initiates angiogenesis.
A study published in the Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology found that BPC-157 “stimulates egr-1 gene and its co-repressor nab2, which are responsible for cytokine and growth factor generation and early extracellular matrix (collagen) formation.” [1] This stimulation directly contributes to the creation of a new vascular network around the injury site. By re-establishing blood flow, BPC-157 ensures that the body’s natural healing machinery can get to where it’s needed most. This angiogenesis effect is not limited to tendons; it is a fundamental part of its wound-healing prowess across all tissue types, from skin and muscle to bone and even nerves.
A Potent Anti-Inflammatory Agent
Inflammation is a natural and necessary part of the healing process. However, when inflammation becomes chronic or excessive, it can hinder recovery and cause further damage. BPC-157 exhibits a powerful modulatory effect on inflammation, acting as a potent anti-inflammatory agent without suppressing the immune response entirely.
Unlike conventional anti-inflammatory drugs (like NSAIDs), which can sometimes delay healing by overly blunting the initial inflammatory phase, BPC-157 appears to be more intelligent. It helps control the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines while simultaneously promoting the pathways that lead to tissue resolution and repair.
This dual action is critical. It helps to quickly reduce the swelling and pain associated with an acute injury, but it does so while actively accelerating the underlying repair process. This balanced anti-inflammatory profile is beneficial not only for musculoskeletal injuries but also for its primary application in the gut, where chronic inflammation is the hallmark of conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
Exploring New Frontiers: Neuroprotection and Organ Health
The research into BPC-157’s amazing power continues to expand into even more surprising territories, including the central and peripheral nervous systems. Emerging preclinical studies suggest that BPC-157 may have significant neuroprotective properties. In animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury, and chemically-induced nerve damage, BPC-157 has shown promise in reducing neuronal damage and promoting functional recovery.
Its neuroprotective effects are likely linked to its ability to modulate key neurotransmitter systems, such as the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, while also reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain. Some studies have even explored its potential to counteract the damage from neurotoxins and aid in the repair of peripheral nerves after transection.
Beyond the nervous system, BPC-157 has also been studied for its cytoprotective (cell-protective) effects on various organs. Research has shown it can protect the liver from alcohol- and toxin-induced damage, shield the pancreas from inflammation, and even improve heart function after a chemically induced heart attack in animal models. This broad organ-protective capacity further underscores that BPC-157 is not merely a gut peptide but a systemic regulating agent that promotes homeostasis and healing throughout the body.
What Researchers Need to Know About BPC-157
For researchers exploring the therapeutic potential of BPC-157, it’s important to understand the different forms available for study and their implications. The most common forms are injectable (for subcutaneous or intramuscular administration) and oral capsules.
Injectable BPC-157: This form is generally considered to have better systemic bioavailability. When administered via injection, the peptide enters the bloodstream directly and can be transported throughout the body to target various tissues, making it the preferred choice for research on tendons, muscles, and other non-GI issues.
Oral BPC-157: The oral form is designed to be more stable in the acidic environment of the stomach. While some systemic absorption may occur, oral capsules are primarily studied for their localized effects within the gastrointestinal tract. They are an excellent option for research focused specifically on gut-healing, IBD, and leaky gut. For scientists focusing on these applications, high-purity BPC-157 capsules are essential for obtaining consistent and reliable data.
Regardless of the form, the purity and quality of the peptide are paramount. Research chemicals must be handled with care, and lyophilized (freeze-dried) peptides like BPC-157 must be reconstituted correctly using a sterile solvent. Using high-quality Bacteriostatic Water is the standard protocol for ensuring the stability and sterility of the reconstituted solution for the duration of the research project.
—
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. What exactly is BPC-157?
BPC-157 stands for Body Protection Compound 157. It is a synthetic peptide chain composed of 15 amino acids, and it is a partial sequence of a protein naturally found in human gastric juice. It is studied for its regenerative and cytoprotective properties.
2. Is BPC-157 only effective for gut health?
No. While it gained its reputation for powerful gut-healing effects, extensive preclinical research shows it has systemic healing capabilities. It is widely studied for its ability to accelerate the healing of tendons, ligaments, muscles, skin, bone, and even nervous tissue.
3. How does BPC-157 promote healing in tendons?
BPC-157 appears to heal tendons by stimulating the growth and migration of tendon fibroblasts (the cells that build tendons), increasing the production of collagen, and promoting angiogenesis—the formation of new blood vessels to supply the injured area with nutrients and oxygen.
4. What is the significance of angiogenesis in BPC-157’s effects?
Angiogenesis is critical because many tissues, especially tendons, heal slowly due to poor blood flow. By promoting the creation of new blood vessels, BPC-157 ensures that damaged tissues receive the resources needed for robust and rapid repair, making it a key mechanism behind its systemic wound-healing abilities.
5. What is the difference between injectable and oral BPC-157 in research?
In a research context, injectable BPC-157 is generally used to achieve systemic effects, as it is absorbed directly into the bloodstream. Oral BPC-157 is designed to survive stomach acid and is typically studied for its localized effects on the gastrointestinal tract, such as ulcer healing or managing IBD.
6. Are other peptides often studied alongside BPC-157 for recovery?
Yes. BPC-157 is frequently researched alongside TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4). While BPC-157 is known for more localized and direct repair, TB-500 is studied for its broad systemic effects on reducing inflammation, promoting cell migration, and supporting overall healing. They are often studied in combination for a potentially synergistic effect on recovery.
7. Is BPC-157 a steroid or a hormone?
No, BPC-157 is neither a steroid nor a hormone. It is a peptide, which is a short chain of amino acids. It does not interact with androgen receptors and functions through different biological pathways related to growth factors and cellular repair.
8. What does “pentadecapeptide” mean?
The term simply describes the peptide’s length. “Penta-” means five and “deca-” means ten, so a pentadecapeptide is a peptide made up of a chain of 15 (5 + 10) amino acids.
—
Conclusion: A Systemic Healer in Disguise
The scientific journey of BPC-157 is a classic example of not judging a book by its cover. What began as a humble “stomach peptide” has revealed itself to be a master regulator of healing and protection that acts on a systemic level. Its ability to accelerate the repair of notoriously slow-healing tissues like tendons and ligaments, its profound anti-inflammatory effects, and its capacity to stimulate critical angiogenesis all point to one conclusion: BPC-157’s amazing power is healing far more than just the gut.
From calming an inflamed digestive tract to rebuilding a torn tendon and protecting the nervous system, BPC-157 stands out as one of the most versatile and promising peptides in the research landscape. As studies continue to uncover its diverse mechanisms of action, it solidifies its place as a compound with the potential to redefine our understanding of the body’s innate ability to heal.
For researchers dedicated to exploring the full spectrum of recovery, cellular protection, and regeneration, Oath Peptides provides the highest-purity BPC-157 for your laboratory needs. We are committed to supplying premium-grade research compounds to help you push the boundaries of science.
Explore our laboratory-grade BPC-157 products and advance your research today.
Disclaimer: All products mentioned in this article, including BPC-157, are sold by Oath Peptides strictly for research purposes only. They are not intended for human or animal use. The information presented here is for educational purposes and should not be interpreted as medical advice.
References
1. T. Tkalcevic, J. Gojkovic, M. T. Drmic, et al. (2021). “Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and EGR-1 Expression: Relation with Angiogenesis.” J Physiol Pharmacol, 72(5). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35084533/
2. Cerovecki, T., Bojanic, I., Brcic, L., Radic, B., Vukoja, I., Seiwerth, S., & Sikiric, P. (2010). “Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 enhances spread-out of spleen cells on culture dishes.” Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 61(3), 331–337.
3. Gwyer, D., Wragg, N. M., & Wilson, S. L. (2019). “Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and its healing effects on tendon, ligament, muscle and bone.” Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research*, 14(1), 224. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-019-1242-6