BPC-157, a pentadecapeptide originally isolated from human gastric juice, has emerged as a research subject of considerable interest in preclinical studies examining tissue repair mechanisms. The peptide’s stability in gastric environments and its apparent interaction with multiple cellular pathways has made it a focal point for investigations into gastrointestinal tissue regeneration, connective tissue healing, and vascular development processes.
Research Use Only: BPC-157 is currently an investigational peptide intended strictly for laboratory research purposes. It has not been approved by the FDA for human or veterinary use, and the information presented here describes preclinical findings only. This content is not medical advice and should not be interpreted as recommendations for treatment or diagnosis of any condition.
Gastrointestinal Tissue Research Applications
The gastrointestinal tract represents a complex biological system where tissue integrity depends on continuous cellular renewal and rapid repair mechanisms. BPC-157’s original isolation from gastric secretions positioned it as a candidate for investigating endogenous protective mechanisms in the digestive system.
Preclinical research has demonstrated BPC-157’s effects on gastrointestinal tissue in experimental models. A 2021 comprehensive review published in Frontiers in Pharmacology examined BPC-157’s cytoprotective properties, noting its remarkable stability in human gastric juice—a characteristic that distinguishes it from many growth factor peptides that undergo rapid degradation in acidic environments1. This stability has enabled researchers to investigate its effects on various models of gastric and intestinal tissue damage.
In experimental models of gastric ulceration and intestinal injury, BPC-157 administration has been associated with accelerated tissue closure rates and restoration of mucosal architecture. Research suggests these effects may involve modulation of angiogenic factors and reduction of oxidative stress markers in damaged tissues. Studies examining ischemic colitis models have reported normalization of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels following BPC-157 treatment2.
Connective Tissue Repair Mechanisms
Beyond gastrointestinal applications, BPC-157 has attracted research attention for its potential effects on musculoskeletal soft tissues, particularly tendons and ligaments. These structures present unique challenges in tissue repair research due to their relatively limited vascularization and slow natural healing processes.
A systematic review published in 2024 analyzed 544 articles spanning from 1993 to 2024, ultimately including 36 studies examining BPC-157’s effects on musculoskeletal tissues. The analysis, which comprised 35 preclinical studies and one clinical investigation, reported that in animal models, BPC-157 administration was associated with improvements in functional, structural, and biomechanical outcomes following muscle, tendon, ligament, and bone injuries3.
Research examining tendon healing has investigated BPC-157’s effects on cellular processes including fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, and tissue remodeling. A 2021 study published in October examined myotendinous junction injuries in rat models, demonstrating measurable effects on tissue recovery through macro/microscopic, biomechanical, and functional assessments4. The research documented counteraction of muscle atrophy and functional recovery metrics in treated subjects.
For researchers investigating peptide-based approaches to connective tissue repair, products like BPC-157 peptide solution and combination formulations such as BPC-157/TB-500 blend are available for laboratory studies.
Vascular Development and Angiogenic Signaling
Angiogenesis—the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vascular networks—represents a critical component of tissue regeneration. Adequate vascularization is essential for delivering oxygen and nutrients to healing tissues while removing metabolic waste products. BPC-157’s interaction with angiogenic pathways has become a significant focus of preclinical investigation.
Research has identified specific molecular mechanisms through which BPC-157 may influence vascular development. A 2020 study published in Scientific Reports examined BPC-157’s effects on vasomotor tone and the activation of the Src-Caveolin-1-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway5. The research demonstrated that BPC-157 can enhance expression and endocytosis of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), subsequently affecting phosphorylation of AKT and eNOS.
The 2024 systematic review noted that BPC-157 appears to activate VEGFR2 and nitric oxide synthesis via the Akt-eNOS axis, processes associated with promoting angiogenesis and fibroblast activity3. These effects may be particularly relevant in tissues with limited baseline vascularization, such as tendons and myotendinous junctions, where nutrient delivery can limit repair capacity.
In endothelial cell culture models, BPC-157 has demonstrated dose-dependent effects on ERK1/2 phosphorylation, leading to measurable changes in cellular proliferation, migration, and vascular tube formation assays. These cellular effects appear to involve downstream activation of transcription factors including c-Fos, c-Jun, and EGR-16.
Inflammatory Response Modulation in Research Models
Inflammation represents both a necessary component of tissue repair and a potential impediment to optimal healing when dysregulated or prolonged. BPC-157’s effects on inflammatory pathways have been examined in multiple preclinical models.
Studies investigating experimentally-induced colitis and enteritis in animal models have reported reductions in inflammatory lesion extent and faster return to tissue homeostasis following BPC-157 administration7. The molecular mechanisms appear to involve modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and upregulation of anti-inflammatory mediators.
The anti-inflammatory properties observed in gastrointestinal research models have also been documented in studies examining joint, tendon, and musculoskeletal tissue injuries. A 2024 analysis noted that BPC-157 enhances growth hormone receptor expression and activates several pathways involved in cell growth while reducing inflammatory cytokine levels in experimental models3.
Tissue Barrier Function and Cellular Protection
Beyond direct tissue repair, research has investigated BPC-157’s potential effects on barrier integrity and cellular protection mechanisms. The gastrointestinal barrier serves critical functions in nutrient absorption while preventing translocation of bacteria and toxins from the intestinal lumen.
Experimental studies have examined BPC-157’s effects on gut barrier permeability in models of intestinal stress. Research suggests the peptide may influence tight junction integrity and cellular signaling pathways that regulate barrier function2. These observations have generated interest in investigating BPC-157’s potential protective effects against barrier disruption in various experimental conditions.
The peptide’s cytoprotective properties have been investigated across multiple tissue types. A 2024 publication examining BPC-157’s pleiotropic activities noted its resistance to degradation in human gastric juice and its apparent ability to function as a cytoprotection mediator across different biological systems8.
Current Research Landscape and Mechanistic Understanding
Despite extensive preclinical investigation, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying BPC-157’s observed effects remain areas of active research. Current evidence suggests the peptide may interact with multiple signaling pathways rather than functioning through a single receptor-mediated mechanism.
The 2024 systematic review emphasized that while preclinical models consistently demonstrate functional improvements, human data remain extremely limited. As of the review date, only three pilot studies had examined BPC-157 in human subjects, investigating applications including intraarticular administration for knee discomfort, interstitial cystitis, and intravenous pharmacokinetics3.
Research continues to investigate combination approaches utilizing BPC-157 alongside other peptides or growth factors. Studies examining synergistic effects with peptides like TB-500 or GHK-Cu may provide insights into optimized regenerative strategies. Researchers exploring such combinations can investigate formulations like the GLOW blend – BPC-157/TB-500/GHK-Cu for laboratory applications.
Safety Profile in Preclinical Models
Toxicological assessment represents an essential component of evaluating any investigational compound. Preclinical studies examining BPC-157 have reported findings relevant to its safety profile in animal models.
Multiple studies have noted that in experimental settings, BPC-157 was not associated with acute toxicity across various organ systems, and no lethal dose (LD50) was determined across wide dosage ranges tested2. Early clinical trials in ulcerative colitis and multiple sclerosis reported no significant toxicity, though these remain limited pilot investigations1.
It is important to note that despite these preclinical safety observations, BPC-157 has not undergone the comprehensive safety and efficacy evaluation required for regulatory approval. The peptide remains investigational and is not approved for human or veterinary applications.
Research Directions and Methodological Considerations
Future research on BPC-157 will require well-designed controlled studies to clarify several outstanding questions. Key areas for investigation include:
Precise receptor binding and signal transduction mechanisms
Dose-response relationships across different tissue types
Pharmacokinetic profiles including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
Long-term safety assessment in appropriate models
Comparative effectiveness against established therapies
Translation of preclinical findings to human physiology
The complexity of BPC-157’s apparent multi-pathway effects presents both opportunities and challenges for researchers. Understanding how the peptide simultaneously influences angiogenesis, inflammation, cellular proliferation, and tissue remodeling will require sophisticated experimental approaches and comprehensive analytical methods.
Conclusion
BPC-157 represents an intriguing subject for regenerative medicine research, with preclinical studies documenting effects on gastrointestinal tissue repair, connective tissue healing, and angiogenic processes. The peptide’s stability, apparent multi-pathway interactions, and favorable preclinical safety profile have generated substantial research interest.
However, significant gaps remain between preclinical observations and clinical applications. The limited human data, incomplete mechanistic understanding, and absence of regulatory approval underscore that BPC-157 should be regarded strictly as a research tool at this stage. Continued investigation through rigorous experimental designs will be necessary to determine whether the promising preclinical findings translate to meaningful therapeutic applications.
At Oath Research (OathPeptides.com), we provide high-purity research peptides including BPC-157 and specialized blends like BPC-157/TB-500 combination for laboratory investigations. All products are strictly for research purposes and not for human or animal use.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is BPC-157?
BPC-157 is a synthetic pentadecapeptide derived from a sequence found in human gastric juice. It is currently an investigational research compound being studied for its effects on tissue repair mechanisms in preclinical models. All BPC-157 products from OathPeptides, including pure BPC-157, are for laboratory research use only.
What does current research show about BPC-157 and connective tissue?
Preclinical studies in animal models have demonstrated effects on tendon and ligament repair, including improved biomechanical properties and accelerated healing timelines. These effects appear to involve angiogenic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, though human data remain very limited.
How does BPC-157 interact with angiogenic pathways?
Research indicates BPC-157 may enhance VEGFR2 expression and activity, activate the Akt-eNOS signaling pathway, and increase nitric oxide production in vascular endothelial cells. These mechanisms are associated with new blood vessel formation and improved tissue vascularization in experimental models.
Is BPC-157 approved for human use?
No. BPC-157 has not been approved by the FDA or other regulatory agencies for human or veterinary use. It remains an investigational peptide with very limited human safety and efficacy data. All peptides provided by OathPeptides.com are strictly for research purposes and are not for human or animal consumption under any circumstances.
Can researchers use BPC-157 in combination with other peptides?
Combination studies represent an active area of preclinical investigation. Researchers examining potential synergistic effects may explore formulations like our BPC-157/TB-500 blend or BPC-157 Capsules for controlled laboratory studies.
References
1. Vukojevic J, et al. (2021). Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12:627533. Full text
2. Seiwerth S, et al. (2018). BPC 157 and Standard Angiogenic Growth Factors. Gastrointestinal Tract Healing, Lessons from Tendon, Ligament, Muscle and Bone Healing. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 24(18):1972-1989. PubMed
3. Tarnawski A, et al. (2024). Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Cureus, 16(9):e69383. Full text
4. Sikiric P, et al. (2021). Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy for the Disable Myotendinous Junctions in Rats. Biomedicines, 9(11):1547. Full text
5. Hsieh MJ, et al. (2020). Modulatory effects of BPC 157 on vasomotor tone and the activation of Src-Caveolin-1-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway. Scientific Reports, 10:17078. Full text
6. Tarnawski AS, Ahluwalia A. (2024). Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. The Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 12(8). Full text
7. Sikiric P, et al. (2018). Novel Cytoprotective Mediator, Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157. Vascular Recruitment and Gastrointestinal Tract Healing. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 24(18):1990-2001. PubMed
8. Sikiric P, et al. (2024). The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Pleiotropic Beneficial Activity and Its Possible Relations with Neurotransmitter Activity. Pharmaceuticals, 17(4):502. Full text
For more research peptide options for your laboratory, explore the complete peptide portfolio at OathPeptides.com.
The practice of combining multiple peptides has become increasingly common in research settings, particularly as scientists explore synergistic mechanisms and complementary pathways. While peptide therapies show promise across diverse applications—from tissue repair to metabolic regulation—the question of safety when using multiple peptides simultaneously requires careful examination of pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and individual risk profiles. This …
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Wondering is BPC-157 safe before trying this healing peptide? You’re absolutely right to question safety before using any research compound. BPC-157 has gained massive popularity for injury recovery and tissue repair, yet it remains an experimental peptide without FDA approval for human use. In this research-backed analysis, we’ll examine BPC-157’s safety profile comprehensively. we’ll explore …
If youre experiencing that slow decline in energy or a mental fog that won’t lift, you might be running low on the critical NAD+ peptide that powers your cells.
BPC-157 Peptide: Research on Gut Tissue and Recovery Mechanisms
BPC-157, a pentadecapeptide originally isolated from human gastric juice, has emerged as a research subject of considerable interest in preclinical studies examining tissue repair mechanisms. The peptide’s stability in gastric environments and its apparent interaction with multiple cellular pathways has made it a focal point for investigations into gastrointestinal tissue regeneration, connective tissue healing, and vascular development processes.
Gastrointestinal Tissue Research Applications
The gastrointestinal tract represents a complex biological system where tissue integrity depends on continuous cellular renewal and rapid repair mechanisms. BPC-157’s original isolation from gastric secretions positioned it as a candidate for investigating endogenous protective mechanisms in the digestive system.
Preclinical research has demonstrated BPC-157’s effects on gastrointestinal tissue in experimental models. A 2021 comprehensive review published in Frontiers in Pharmacology examined BPC-157’s cytoprotective properties, noting its remarkable stability in human gastric juice—a characteristic that distinguishes it from many growth factor peptides that undergo rapid degradation in acidic environments1. This stability has enabled researchers to investigate its effects on various models of gastric and intestinal tissue damage.
In experimental models of gastric ulceration and intestinal injury, BPC-157 administration has been associated with accelerated tissue closure rates and restoration of mucosal architecture. Research suggests these effects may involve modulation of angiogenic factors and reduction of oxidative stress markers in damaged tissues. Studies examining ischemic colitis models have reported normalization of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels following BPC-157 treatment2.
Connective Tissue Repair Mechanisms
Beyond gastrointestinal applications, BPC-157 has attracted research attention for its potential effects on musculoskeletal soft tissues, particularly tendons and ligaments. These structures present unique challenges in tissue repair research due to their relatively limited vascularization and slow natural healing processes.
A systematic review published in 2024 analyzed 544 articles spanning from 1993 to 2024, ultimately including 36 studies examining BPC-157’s effects on musculoskeletal tissues. The analysis, which comprised 35 preclinical studies and one clinical investigation, reported that in animal models, BPC-157 administration was associated with improvements in functional, structural, and biomechanical outcomes following muscle, tendon, ligament, and bone injuries3.
Research examining tendon healing has investigated BPC-157’s effects on cellular processes including fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, and tissue remodeling. A 2021 study published in October examined myotendinous junction injuries in rat models, demonstrating measurable effects on tissue recovery through macro/microscopic, biomechanical, and functional assessments4. The research documented counteraction of muscle atrophy and functional recovery metrics in treated subjects.
For researchers investigating peptide-based approaches to connective tissue repair, products like BPC-157 peptide solution and combination formulations such as BPC-157/TB-500 blend are available for laboratory studies.
Vascular Development and Angiogenic Signaling
Angiogenesis—the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vascular networks—represents a critical component of tissue regeneration. Adequate vascularization is essential for delivering oxygen and nutrients to healing tissues while removing metabolic waste products. BPC-157’s interaction with angiogenic pathways has become a significant focus of preclinical investigation.
Research has identified specific molecular mechanisms through which BPC-157 may influence vascular development. A 2020 study published in Scientific Reports examined BPC-157’s effects on vasomotor tone and the activation of the Src-Caveolin-1-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway5. The research demonstrated that BPC-157 can enhance expression and endocytosis of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), subsequently affecting phosphorylation of AKT and eNOS.
The 2024 systematic review noted that BPC-157 appears to activate VEGFR2 and nitric oxide synthesis via the Akt-eNOS axis, processes associated with promoting angiogenesis and fibroblast activity3. These effects may be particularly relevant in tissues with limited baseline vascularization, such as tendons and myotendinous junctions, where nutrient delivery can limit repair capacity.
In endothelial cell culture models, BPC-157 has demonstrated dose-dependent effects on ERK1/2 phosphorylation, leading to measurable changes in cellular proliferation, migration, and vascular tube formation assays. These cellular effects appear to involve downstream activation of transcription factors including c-Fos, c-Jun, and EGR-16.
Inflammatory Response Modulation in Research Models
Inflammation represents both a necessary component of tissue repair and a potential impediment to optimal healing when dysregulated or prolonged. BPC-157’s effects on inflammatory pathways have been examined in multiple preclinical models.
Studies investigating experimentally-induced colitis and enteritis in animal models have reported reductions in inflammatory lesion extent and faster return to tissue homeostasis following BPC-157 administration7. The molecular mechanisms appear to involve modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and upregulation of anti-inflammatory mediators.
The anti-inflammatory properties observed in gastrointestinal research models have also been documented in studies examining joint, tendon, and musculoskeletal tissue injuries. A 2024 analysis noted that BPC-157 enhances growth hormone receptor expression and activates several pathways involved in cell growth while reducing inflammatory cytokine levels in experimental models3.
Tissue Barrier Function and Cellular Protection
Beyond direct tissue repair, research has investigated BPC-157’s potential effects on barrier integrity and cellular protection mechanisms. The gastrointestinal barrier serves critical functions in nutrient absorption while preventing translocation of bacteria and toxins from the intestinal lumen.
Experimental studies have examined BPC-157’s effects on gut barrier permeability in models of intestinal stress. Research suggests the peptide may influence tight junction integrity and cellular signaling pathways that regulate barrier function2. These observations have generated interest in investigating BPC-157’s potential protective effects against barrier disruption in various experimental conditions.
The peptide’s cytoprotective properties have been investigated across multiple tissue types. A 2024 publication examining BPC-157’s pleiotropic activities noted its resistance to degradation in human gastric juice and its apparent ability to function as a cytoprotection mediator across different biological systems8.
Current Research Landscape and Mechanistic Understanding
Despite extensive preclinical investigation, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying BPC-157’s observed effects remain areas of active research. Current evidence suggests the peptide may interact with multiple signaling pathways rather than functioning through a single receptor-mediated mechanism.
The 2024 systematic review emphasized that while preclinical models consistently demonstrate functional improvements, human data remain extremely limited. As of the review date, only three pilot studies had examined BPC-157 in human subjects, investigating applications including intraarticular administration for knee discomfort, interstitial cystitis, and intravenous pharmacokinetics3.
Research continues to investigate combination approaches utilizing BPC-157 alongside other peptides or growth factors. Studies examining synergistic effects with peptides like TB-500 or GHK-Cu may provide insights into optimized regenerative strategies. Researchers exploring such combinations can investigate formulations like the GLOW blend – BPC-157/TB-500/GHK-Cu for laboratory applications.
Safety Profile in Preclinical Models
Toxicological assessment represents an essential component of evaluating any investigational compound. Preclinical studies examining BPC-157 have reported findings relevant to its safety profile in animal models.
Multiple studies have noted that in experimental settings, BPC-157 was not associated with acute toxicity across various organ systems, and no lethal dose (LD50) was determined across wide dosage ranges tested2. Early clinical trials in ulcerative colitis and multiple sclerosis reported no significant toxicity, though these remain limited pilot investigations1.
It is important to note that despite these preclinical safety observations, BPC-157 has not undergone the comprehensive safety and efficacy evaluation required for regulatory approval. The peptide remains investigational and is not approved for human or veterinary applications.
Research Directions and Methodological Considerations
Future research on BPC-157 will require well-designed controlled studies to clarify several outstanding questions. Key areas for investigation include:
The complexity of BPC-157’s apparent multi-pathway effects presents both opportunities and challenges for researchers. Understanding how the peptide simultaneously influences angiogenesis, inflammation, cellular proliferation, and tissue remodeling will require sophisticated experimental approaches and comprehensive analytical methods.
Conclusion
BPC-157 represents an intriguing subject for regenerative medicine research, with preclinical studies documenting effects on gastrointestinal tissue repair, connective tissue healing, and angiogenic processes. The peptide’s stability, apparent multi-pathway interactions, and favorable preclinical safety profile have generated substantial research interest.
However, significant gaps remain between preclinical observations and clinical applications. The limited human data, incomplete mechanistic understanding, and absence of regulatory approval underscore that BPC-157 should be regarded strictly as a research tool at this stage. Continued investigation through rigorous experimental designs will be necessary to determine whether the promising preclinical findings translate to meaningful therapeutic applications.
At Oath Research (OathPeptides.com), we provide high-purity research peptides including BPC-157 and specialized blends like BPC-157/TB-500 combination for laboratory investigations. All products are strictly for research purposes and not for human or animal use.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is BPC-157?
BPC-157 is a synthetic pentadecapeptide derived from a sequence found in human gastric juice. It is currently an investigational research compound being studied for its effects on tissue repair mechanisms in preclinical models. All BPC-157 products from OathPeptides, including pure BPC-157, are for laboratory research use only.
What does current research show about BPC-157 and connective tissue?
Preclinical studies in animal models have demonstrated effects on tendon and ligament repair, including improved biomechanical properties and accelerated healing timelines. These effects appear to involve angiogenic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, though human data remain very limited.
How does BPC-157 interact with angiogenic pathways?
Research indicates BPC-157 may enhance VEGFR2 expression and activity, activate the Akt-eNOS signaling pathway, and increase nitric oxide production in vascular endothelial cells. These mechanisms are associated with new blood vessel formation and improved tissue vascularization in experimental models.
Is BPC-157 approved for human use?
No. BPC-157 has not been approved by the FDA or other regulatory agencies for human or veterinary use. It remains an investigational peptide with very limited human safety and efficacy data. All peptides provided by OathPeptides.com are strictly for research purposes and are not for human or animal consumption under any circumstances.
Can researchers use BPC-157 in combination with other peptides?
Combination studies represent an active area of preclinical investigation. Researchers examining potential synergistic effects may explore formulations like our BPC-157/TB-500 blend or BPC-157 Capsules for controlled laboratory studies.
References
1. Vukojevic J, et al. (2021). Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12:627533. Full text
2. Seiwerth S, et al. (2018). BPC 157 and Standard Angiogenic Growth Factors. Gastrointestinal Tract Healing, Lessons from Tendon, Ligament, Muscle and Bone Healing. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 24(18):1972-1989. PubMed
3. Tarnawski A, et al. (2024). Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Cureus, 16(9):e69383. Full text
4. Sikiric P, et al. (2021). Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy for the Disable Myotendinous Junctions in Rats. Biomedicines, 9(11):1547. Full text
5. Hsieh MJ, et al. (2020). Modulatory effects of BPC 157 on vasomotor tone and the activation of Src-Caveolin-1-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway. Scientific Reports, 10:17078. Full text
6. Tarnawski AS, Ahluwalia A. (2024). Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. The Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 12(8). Full text
7. Sikiric P, et al. (2018). Novel Cytoprotective Mediator, Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157. Vascular Recruitment and Gastrointestinal Tract Healing. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 24(18):1990-2001. PubMed
8. Sikiric P, et al. (2024). The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Pleiotropic Beneficial Activity and Its Possible Relations with Neurotransmitter Activity. Pharmaceuticals, 17(4):502. Full text
For more research peptide options for your laboratory, explore the complete peptide portfolio at OathPeptides.com.
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