GH fragment 176-191: Stunning Fat Loss Peptide for Best Results
GH fragment 176-191 has increasingly emerged as a compelling research tool in the peptide science community, capturing attention for its unique ability to stimulate fat breakdown without the unwanted side effects associated with full-length growth hormone. At Oath Research, our mission at OathPeptides.com is to keep the peptide research community informed and empowered, so let’s dive deeply into what makes GH fragment 176-191 so compelling for researchers interested in body composition, metabolic wellness, and future therapeutic innovations.
Understanding the Science: What is GH fragment 176-191?
GH fragment 176-191, also known as AOD9604, is a synthetic peptide derived from a specific amino acid sequence of human growth hormone (hGH). Specifically, it comprises amino acids 176 to 191, located at the C-terminal region of the full hGH molecule. This segment was identified in the early 1980s, when researchers discovered that this “active fragment” appeared to regulate fat metabolism more potently than the full hGH, but with a much-reduced impact on blood glucose or cell growth rates.
Biochemically, this peptide operates by mimicking the specific fat-reducing region of hGH. Research suggests it interacts with adipose tissue to stimulate lipolysis, the process by which stored fat is broken down into free fatty acids. Importantly, unlike full-length growth hormone, AOD9604 does not compete for the hGH receptor and does not induce cell proliferation, making it an intriguing subject for metabolic research.
Why Focus on Fat Loss Peptides?
With rising rates of obesity and metabolic syndrome globally, the interest in targeted fat loss strategies has never been higher. Traditional interventions—caloric restriction, exercise, and pharmaceutical agents—do work but often present limitations like unwanted muscle loss or systemic side effects.
This is where a focused approach using compounds like GH fragment 176-191 stands out. Research suggests that selective fat mobilization peptides may help circumvent notorious hGH-associated effects like edema, insulin resistance, or organ growth by focusing almost exclusively on adipose optimization. According to a comprehensive review in Nature Reviews Endocrinology (2020), growth hormone’s effects on adipose tissue involve complex molecular mechanisms including the MEK-ERK pathway and PPARγ inactivation, which regulate lipolysis and metabolic function.
How Does GH fragment 176-191 Work?
So, what sets this fat loss peptide apart mechanistically?
Targeted Lipolysis: Research indicates that GH fragment 176-191 enhances the breakdown of stored fat. Studies in obese mice demonstrate that both hGH and AOD9604 significantly reduced body weight gain through increased fat oxidation and elevated plasma glycerol levels, a marker of lipolysis.
Minimal Anabolic/Hyperglycemic Activity: Unlike full-length hGH, the fragment doesn’t significantly alter glucose handling or cell growth factors. Notably, research published in Endocrinology (2001) showed that AOD9604 did not induce hyperglycemia or reduce insulin secretion in obese mice, unlike conventional growth hormone treatment.
Anti-Lipogenic Effects: Studies suggest the peptide may inhibit the uptake and synthesis of new fat, shifting energy balance toward utilization rather than storage. Research demonstrates that AOD9604 significantly reduced lipogenic activity while increasing lipolytic activity in adipose tissue.
These mechanisms make GH fragment 176-191 an attractive candidate for research targeting fat loss and metabolic disorders.
What Do Studies Show About GH fragment 176-191?
Numerous preclinical and clinical studies highlight the interesting profile of this peptide. In rodent models, GH fragment 176-191 administration resulted in significantly reduced body fat while preserving lean tissue—a highly desirable outcome in obesity research.
A study published in Metabolism (2001) found that both hGH and AOD9604 reduced body weight in genetically obese Zucker rats and ob/ob mice without inducing the adverse effects on glycemic control normally observed with growth hormone. The increased catabolism was reflected in acute increases in energy expenditure and glucose and fat oxidation.
In a 12-week randomized clinical trial in overweight adults, subjects receiving AOD9604 (1 mg/day) lost an average of 2.6 kg compared to 0.8 kg in the placebo group. However, it’s important to note that development of this drug was ultimately discontinued in 2007 when a larger 24-week trial of 536 subjects failed to demonstrate sufficient weight loss efficacy.
Despite these mixed human results, the peptide continues to be studied for its unique molecular mechanisms and potential applications in understanding adipose tissue metabolism.
GH fragment 176-191 in Comparison: How Does It Stack Up?
A key interest among research teams is how GH fragment 176-191 compares to other popular fat loss peptides or alternatives. Some currently trending research compounds—like GLP1-S, GLP2-T, and GLP3-R—primarily act by reducing appetite or improving insulin sensitivity. While highly effective in clinical trials, they may cause gastrointestinal discomfort or, in some cases, excessive weight loss that includes lean tissue.
By contrast, GH fragment 176-191’s mechanism is rooted in fat tissue metabolism, potentially providing a more direct and tissue-selective action. Recent research published in Frontiers in Endocrinology (2022) found that while growth hormone stimulates lipolysis in mice systemically, it surprisingly had no effect on basal or stimulated lipolysis in isolated adipose tissue explants, suggesting complex indirect mechanisms warrant further investigation.
Potential Applications in Research
The precision and unique mechanism of GH fragment 176-191 open doors to a number of exciting research possibilities:
Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: As a selective fat loss peptide, it serves as a model for anti-obesity interventions that maintain muscle mass.
Aging and Sarcopenia: Older individuals often struggle to lose fat while keeping muscle. Researchers have posited that this peptide can play a supportive role in age-related body composition research.
Fitness and Athletic Recovery: In models simulating calorie restriction or weight-class sports, GH fragment 176-191 has shown fat-reduction effects without apparent loss of lean body mass.
Metabolic Health Studies: By limiting the adverse glycemic impacts typically seen with classic hGH, this fragment may be a research candidate for metabolic health protocols. A 2019 study in humans demonstrated that GH-induced lipolysis in vivo is linked to downregulation of G0S2 and FSP27 and upregulation of PTEN in adipose tissue.
Should you wish to explore these areas or similar mechanisms further, Oath Research offers a curated catalog of fat loss peptides and related compounds relevant to metabolic and body composition studies.
Safety Profile: What Do We Know?
One of the most significant draws for GH fragment 176-191 as a fat loss peptide is its reduced risk of side effects compared to full-length growth hormone or some conventional agents. Current research demonstrates:
Lack of Hyperglycemia: Minimal impact on fasting glucose, thus avoiding the diabetogenic risks of hGH.
No Systemic Water Retention or Joint Pain: Unlike traditional hGH therapy, there is little to no edema or carpal tunnel syndrome reported in available animal and human studies.
Low Risk of Cell Proliferation: As it doesn’t significantly increase IGF-1 or other anabolic signals, concerns about cell proliferation appear minimal in research to date.
Of course, much of this research is preclinical or in early-phase human studies. Every experimental use should be conducted strictly within established ethical guidelines and local regulatory frameworks.
Research Methodologies and Considerations
Published research protocols have utilized various administration routes and experimental designs. In animal models, the peptide has been delivered via subcutaneous injection or intraperitoneal administration, with treatment durations ranging from acute single-dose studies to chronic 14-day protocols.
The peptide is stable when stored lyophilized at low temperatures, and reconstitution in appropriate buffers is standard for in vitro and in vivo protocols. Research teams have explored interactions with beta-3 adrenergic receptor knockout models and various genetic obesity models to understand mechanisms of action.
Accurate experimental design and sterile technique are vital, as is the use of pharmaceutical-grade peptides sourced from reputable suppliers. Oath Research is dedicated to upholding the highest quality standards for all peptides, including GH fragment 176-191, ensuring dependable results in every research application.
Practical Considerations: Research Best Practices
When designing research or evaluating peptide mechanisms, here are a few key best practices:
Source verification: Always choose suppliers with batch testing, purity certificates, and transparent chain of custody. This safeguards against contamination and mismatched identity.
Blinding and Controls: Double-blind, placebo-controlled experiments help minimize bias and draw clear mechanistic conclusions.
Experimental Consistency: Matching protocols with published literature enables more meaningful comparisons across experimental settings.
Transparency in Reporting: Detailed methodology and disclosure of any conflicts of interest support robust, reproducible science.
At Oath Research, we uphold meticulous standards in all research peptides we provide, including routine third-party lab verification and GMP compliance wherever possible.
Frequently Asked Questions About GH fragment 176-191
Q: Can GH fragment 176-191 be used for muscle-building research?
A: While its primary value is in fat loss research, it does not have notable anabolic (muscle-building) effects like full-length hGH. Its best application is studying selective fat mobilization mechanisms.
Q: Does the peptide impact appetite or hunger in research models?
A: Current research indicates that GH fragment 176-191’s action is mostly peripheral—focused on adipose tissue rather than the central nervous system—so appetite modulation is minimal compared to peptides like GLP-1 agonists.
Q: What about combination studies with other metabolic peptides?
A: Investigators sometimes explore combinatory protocols (e.g., with AMPK agonists or other metabolic regulation peptides), always ensuring adherence to ethical and compliance standards.
Q: How does the fragment compare to full-length growth hormone in research?
A: Unlike full hGH, AOD9604 does not induce hyperglycemia, does not reduce insulin secretion, and does not compete for the hGH receptor. It appears to act through distinct mechanisms focused on adipose tissue metabolism.
Ethical Use Statement
It’s essential to emphasize that, while GH fragment 176-191 displays notable scientific promise, it is for research purposes only—not for human consumption, therapeutic, or diagnostic use. Always adhere to institutional and local guidelines concerning animal or cell-based research models. Data in this area is rapidly evolving, and continuous review of the latest literature is advised.
GH fragment 176-191 in Context: Fat Loss Peptide Research Frontiers
The discovery and development of highly selective fat loss peptides like GH fragment 176-191 represent a crucial evolution in metabolic science. By decoupling some of the beneficial actions of hGH from its less desirable effects, researchers have been offered a valuable tool to study fat mobilization, metabolic adaptation, and the wider implications for obesity, aging, and chronic disease.
While clinical development of AOD9604 as a therapeutic was discontinued due to insufficient efficacy in large-scale trials, the peptide continues to serve as an important research tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms of lipolysis, adipose tissue metabolism, and the complex signaling pathways involved in body composition regulation.
Where to Find Trusted GH fragment 176-191 for Research
Thanks to rigorous sourcing and quality control, acquiring high-purity GH fragment 176-191 for laboratory studies has never been more reliable. At Oath Research, we are passionate about scientific rigor and researcher success—whether you are running cell culture tests, animal model trials, or advanced metabolic investigations.
Conclusion: GH fragment 176-191—Future Directions in Fat Loss Peptide Science
In sum, GH fragment 176-191 stands as an important research tool in fat loss peptide science: a molecule with the specificity to target fat breakdown, minimize off-target effects, and offer insights into metabolic regulation. With substantial preclinical data and early-phase human studies, this unique peptide continues to contribute to our understanding of adipose tissue biology and metabolic health.
By partnering with a reliable supplier committed to research integrity, like Oath Research, you ensure that your studies into this important peptide are built on a foundation of quality, transparency, and trust.
Browse our extensive peptide portfolio for more research solutions and the latest advancements in peptide science.
References
1. Kopchick JJ, Berryman DE, Puri V, Lee KY, Jorgensen JOL. “The effects of growth hormone on adipose tissue: old observations, new mechanisms.” Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 2020;16(3):135-146. doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0280-9
2. Heffernan MA, Thorburn AW, Fam B, et al. “Increase of fat oxidation and weight loss in obese mice caused by chronic treatment with human growth hormone or a modified C-terminal fragment.” International Journal of Obesity, 2001;25(10):1442-1449. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801740
3. Ng FM, Sun J, Sharma L, et al. “Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD9604) of human growth hormone.” Hormone Research, 2000;53(6):274-278.
4. Heffernan M, Summers RJ, Thorburn A, et al. “The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and β3-AR knock-out mice.” Endocrinology, 2001;142(12):5182-5189. doi:10.1210/endo.142.12.8522
5. Møller N, Gjedsted J, Gormsen L, Fuglsang J, Djurhuus C. “Effects of growth hormone on lipid metabolism in humans.” Growth Hormone & IGF Research, 2003;13 Suppl A:S18-S21.
6. Jørgensen JO, Vahl N, Hansen TB, et al. “Growth hormone versus placebo treatment for one year in growth hormone deficient adults: increase in exercise capacity and normalization of body composition.” Clinical Endocrinology, 1996;45(6):681-688.
7. Nielsen S, Møller N, Christiansen JS, Jørgensen JO. “Pharmacological antilipolysis restores insulin sensitivity during growth hormone exposure.” Diabetes, 2001;50(10):2301-2308.
8. Gravholt CH, Schmitz O, Simonsen L, et al. “Effects of a physiological GH pulse on interstitial glycerol in abdominal and femoral adipose tissue.” American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1999;277(5):E848-E854.
This article is intended for educational and research purposes only. Content is not a substitute for professional medical or regulatory advice. Oath Research and OathPeptides.com supply peptides strictly for laboratory use.
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GH fragment 176-191: Stunning Fat Loss Peptide for Best Results
GH fragment 176-191: Stunning Fat Loss Peptide for Best Results
GH fragment 176-191 has increasingly emerged as a compelling research tool in the peptide science community, capturing attention for its unique ability to stimulate fat breakdown without the unwanted side effects associated with full-length growth hormone. At Oath Research, our mission at OathPeptides.com is to keep the peptide research community informed and empowered, so let’s dive deeply into what makes GH fragment 176-191 so compelling for researchers interested in body composition, metabolic wellness, and future therapeutic innovations.
Understanding the Science: What is GH fragment 176-191?
GH fragment 176-191, also known as AOD9604, is a synthetic peptide derived from a specific amino acid sequence of human growth hormone (hGH). Specifically, it comprises amino acids 176 to 191, located at the C-terminal region of the full hGH molecule. This segment was identified in the early 1980s, when researchers discovered that this “active fragment” appeared to regulate fat metabolism more potently than the full hGH, but with a much-reduced impact on blood glucose or cell growth rates.
Biochemically, this peptide operates by mimicking the specific fat-reducing region of hGH. Research suggests it interacts with adipose tissue to stimulate lipolysis, the process by which stored fat is broken down into free fatty acids. Importantly, unlike full-length growth hormone, AOD9604 does not compete for the hGH receptor and does not induce cell proliferation, making it an intriguing subject for metabolic research.
Why Focus on Fat Loss Peptides?
With rising rates of obesity and metabolic syndrome globally, the interest in targeted fat loss strategies has never been higher. Traditional interventions—caloric restriction, exercise, and pharmaceutical agents—do work but often present limitations like unwanted muscle loss or systemic side effects.
This is where a focused approach using compounds like GH fragment 176-191 stands out. Research suggests that selective fat mobilization peptides may help circumvent notorious hGH-associated effects like edema, insulin resistance, or organ growth by focusing almost exclusively on adipose optimization. According to a comprehensive review in Nature Reviews Endocrinology (2020), growth hormone’s effects on adipose tissue involve complex molecular mechanisms including the MEK-ERK pathway and PPARγ inactivation, which regulate lipolysis and metabolic function.
How Does GH fragment 176-191 Work?
So, what sets this fat loss peptide apart mechanistically?
Targeted Lipolysis: Research indicates that GH fragment 176-191 enhances the breakdown of stored fat. Studies in obese mice demonstrate that both hGH and AOD9604 significantly reduced body weight gain through increased fat oxidation and elevated plasma glycerol levels, a marker of lipolysis.
Minimal Anabolic/Hyperglycemic Activity: Unlike full-length hGH, the fragment doesn’t significantly alter glucose handling or cell growth factors. Notably, research published in Endocrinology (2001) showed that AOD9604 did not induce hyperglycemia or reduce insulin secretion in obese mice, unlike conventional growth hormone treatment.
Anti-Lipogenic Effects: Studies suggest the peptide may inhibit the uptake and synthesis of new fat, shifting energy balance toward utilization rather than storage. Research demonstrates that AOD9604 significantly reduced lipogenic activity while increasing lipolytic activity in adipose tissue.
These mechanisms make GH fragment 176-191 an attractive candidate for research targeting fat loss and metabolic disorders.
What Do Studies Show About GH fragment 176-191?
Numerous preclinical and clinical studies highlight the interesting profile of this peptide. In rodent models, GH fragment 176-191 administration resulted in significantly reduced body fat while preserving lean tissue—a highly desirable outcome in obesity research.
A study published in Metabolism (2001) found that both hGH and AOD9604 reduced body weight in genetically obese Zucker rats and ob/ob mice without inducing the adverse effects on glycemic control normally observed with growth hormone. The increased catabolism was reflected in acute increases in energy expenditure and glucose and fat oxidation.
In a 12-week randomized clinical trial in overweight adults, subjects receiving AOD9604 (1 mg/day) lost an average of 2.6 kg compared to 0.8 kg in the placebo group. However, it’s important to note that development of this drug was ultimately discontinued in 2007 when a larger 24-week trial of 536 subjects failed to demonstrate sufficient weight loss efficacy.
Despite these mixed human results, the peptide continues to be studied for its unique molecular mechanisms and potential applications in understanding adipose tissue metabolism.
GH fragment 176-191 in Comparison: How Does It Stack Up?
A key interest among research teams is how GH fragment 176-191 compares to other popular fat loss peptides or alternatives. Some currently trending research compounds—like GLP1-S, GLP2-T, and GLP3-R—primarily act by reducing appetite or improving insulin sensitivity. While highly effective in clinical trials, they may cause gastrointestinal discomfort or, in some cases, excessive weight loss that includes lean tissue.
By contrast, GH fragment 176-191’s mechanism is rooted in fat tissue metabolism, potentially providing a more direct and tissue-selective action. Recent research published in Frontiers in Endocrinology (2022) found that while growth hormone stimulates lipolysis in mice systemically, it surprisingly had no effect on basal or stimulated lipolysis in isolated adipose tissue explants, suggesting complex indirect mechanisms warrant further investigation.
Potential Applications in Research
The precision and unique mechanism of GH fragment 176-191 open doors to a number of exciting research possibilities:
Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: As a selective fat loss peptide, it serves as a model for anti-obesity interventions that maintain muscle mass.
Aging and Sarcopenia: Older individuals often struggle to lose fat while keeping muscle. Researchers have posited that this peptide can play a supportive role in age-related body composition research.
Fitness and Athletic Recovery: In models simulating calorie restriction or weight-class sports, GH fragment 176-191 has shown fat-reduction effects without apparent loss of lean body mass.
Metabolic Health Studies: By limiting the adverse glycemic impacts typically seen with classic hGH, this fragment may be a research candidate for metabolic health protocols. A 2019 study in humans demonstrated that GH-induced lipolysis in vivo is linked to downregulation of G0S2 and FSP27 and upregulation of PTEN in adipose tissue.
Should you wish to explore these areas or similar mechanisms further, Oath Research offers a curated catalog of fat loss peptides and related compounds relevant to metabolic and body composition studies.
Safety Profile: What Do We Know?
One of the most significant draws for GH fragment 176-191 as a fat loss peptide is its reduced risk of side effects compared to full-length growth hormone or some conventional agents. Current research demonstrates:
Lack of Hyperglycemia: Minimal impact on fasting glucose, thus avoiding the diabetogenic risks of hGH.
No Systemic Water Retention or Joint Pain: Unlike traditional hGH therapy, there is little to no edema or carpal tunnel syndrome reported in available animal and human studies.
Low Risk of Cell Proliferation: As it doesn’t significantly increase IGF-1 or other anabolic signals, concerns about cell proliferation appear minimal in research to date.
Of course, much of this research is preclinical or in early-phase human studies. Every experimental use should be conducted strictly within established ethical guidelines and local regulatory frameworks.
Research Methodologies and Considerations
Published research protocols have utilized various administration routes and experimental designs. In animal models, the peptide has been delivered via subcutaneous injection or intraperitoneal administration, with treatment durations ranging from acute single-dose studies to chronic 14-day protocols.
The peptide is stable when stored lyophilized at low temperatures, and reconstitution in appropriate buffers is standard for in vitro and in vivo protocols. Research teams have explored interactions with beta-3 adrenergic receptor knockout models and various genetic obesity models to understand mechanisms of action.
Accurate experimental design and sterile technique are vital, as is the use of pharmaceutical-grade peptides sourced from reputable suppliers. Oath Research is dedicated to upholding the highest quality standards for all peptides, including GH fragment 176-191, ensuring dependable results in every research application.
Practical Considerations: Research Best Practices
When designing research or evaluating peptide mechanisms, here are a few key best practices:
Source verification: Always choose suppliers with batch testing, purity certificates, and transparent chain of custody. This safeguards against contamination and mismatched identity.
Blinding and Controls: Double-blind, placebo-controlled experiments help minimize bias and draw clear mechanistic conclusions.
Experimental Consistency: Matching protocols with published literature enables more meaningful comparisons across experimental settings.
Transparency in Reporting: Detailed methodology and disclosure of any conflicts of interest support robust, reproducible science.
At Oath Research, we uphold meticulous standards in all research peptides we provide, including routine third-party lab verification and GMP compliance wherever possible.
Frequently Asked Questions About GH fragment 176-191
Q: Can GH fragment 176-191 be used for muscle-building research?
A: While its primary value is in fat loss research, it does not have notable anabolic (muscle-building) effects like full-length hGH. Its best application is studying selective fat mobilization mechanisms.
Q: Does the peptide impact appetite or hunger in research models?
A: Current research indicates that GH fragment 176-191’s action is mostly peripheral—focused on adipose tissue rather than the central nervous system—so appetite modulation is minimal compared to peptides like GLP-1 agonists.
Q: What about combination studies with other metabolic peptides?
A: Investigators sometimes explore combinatory protocols (e.g., with AMPK agonists or other metabolic regulation peptides), always ensuring adherence to ethical and compliance standards.
Q: How does the fragment compare to full-length growth hormone in research?
A: Unlike full hGH, AOD9604 does not induce hyperglycemia, does not reduce insulin secretion, and does not compete for the hGH receptor. It appears to act through distinct mechanisms focused on adipose tissue metabolism.
Ethical Use Statement
It’s essential to emphasize that, while GH fragment 176-191 displays notable scientific promise, it is for research purposes only—not for human consumption, therapeutic, or diagnostic use. Always adhere to institutional and local guidelines concerning animal or cell-based research models. Data in this area is rapidly evolving, and continuous review of the latest literature is advised.
GH fragment 176-191 in Context: Fat Loss Peptide Research Frontiers
The discovery and development of highly selective fat loss peptides like GH fragment 176-191 represent a crucial evolution in metabolic science. By decoupling some of the beneficial actions of hGH from its less desirable effects, researchers have been offered a valuable tool to study fat mobilization, metabolic adaptation, and the wider implications for obesity, aging, and chronic disease.
While clinical development of AOD9604 as a therapeutic was discontinued due to insufficient efficacy in large-scale trials, the peptide continues to serve as an important research tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms of lipolysis, adipose tissue metabolism, and the complex signaling pathways involved in body composition regulation.
Where to Find Trusted GH fragment 176-191 for Research
Thanks to rigorous sourcing and quality control, acquiring high-purity GH fragment 176-191 for laboratory studies has never been more reliable. At Oath Research, we are passionate about scientific rigor and researcher success—whether you are running cell culture tests, animal model trials, or advanced metabolic investigations.
Discover more about GH fragment 176-191 research peptide or browse our weight management peptide collection for additional compounds relevant to body composition and metabolic regulation.
Conclusion: GH fragment 176-191—Future Directions in Fat Loss Peptide Science
In sum, GH fragment 176-191 stands as an important research tool in fat loss peptide science: a molecule with the specificity to target fat breakdown, minimize off-target effects, and offer insights into metabolic regulation. With substantial preclinical data and early-phase human studies, this unique peptide continues to contribute to our understanding of adipose tissue biology and metabolic health.
By partnering with a reliable supplier committed to research integrity, like Oath Research, you ensure that your studies into this important peptide are built on a foundation of quality, transparency, and trust.
Browse our extensive peptide portfolio for more research solutions and the latest advancements in peptide science.
References
1. Kopchick JJ, Berryman DE, Puri V, Lee KY, Jorgensen JOL. “The effects of growth hormone on adipose tissue: old observations, new mechanisms.” Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 2020;16(3):135-146. doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0280-9
2. Heffernan MA, Thorburn AW, Fam B, et al. “Increase of fat oxidation and weight loss in obese mice caused by chronic treatment with human growth hormone or a modified C-terminal fragment.” International Journal of Obesity, 2001;25(10):1442-1449. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801740
3. Ng FM, Sun J, Sharma L, et al. “Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD9604) of human growth hormone.” Hormone Research, 2000;53(6):274-278.
4. Heffernan M, Summers RJ, Thorburn A, et al. “The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and β3-AR knock-out mice.” Endocrinology, 2001;142(12):5182-5189. doi:10.1210/endo.142.12.8522
5. Møller N, Gjedsted J, Gormsen L, Fuglsang J, Djurhuus C. “Effects of growth hormone on lipid metabolism in humans.” Growth Hormone & IGF Research, 2003;13 Suppl A:S18-S21.
6. Jørgensen JO, Vahl N, Hansen TB, et al. “Growth hormone versus placebo treatment for one year in growth hormone deficient adults: increase in exercise capacity and normalization of body composition.” Clinical Endocrinology, 1996;45(6):681-688.
7. Nielsen S, Møller N, Christiansen JS, Jørgensen JO. “Pharmacological antilipolysis restores insulin sensitivity during growth hormone exposure.” Diabetes, 2001;50(10):2301-2308.
8. Gravholt CH, Schmitz O, Simonsen L, et al. “Effects of a physiological GH pulse on interstitial glycerol in abdominal and femoral adipose tissue.” American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1999;277(5):E848-E854.
For more about safe and compliant research practices, visit the FDA’s guidelines on investigational new drugs.
This article is intended for educational and research purposes only. Content is not a substitute for professional medical or regulatory advice. Oath Research and OathPeptides.com supply peptides strictly for laboratory use.
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